White Box Approach:

Structural testing approach focuses on application internals. We can call it as Program-based.

Characteristics:

1. Module design
2. Implementation
3. Do modules / functions meet functional and design specifications?
4. Do program structures meet functional and design specifications?
5. How does the program work?

Type of Test during White Box Approach:

1. Unit Testing: To verify the pieces of code against the design, to remove problems from the code, and to ensure that each component of the code executes according to functional and design specifications. Generally, developers do unit testing.
2. Integration Testing: To verify that each software unit interfaces correctly with other software units. Developers, also testers perform integration testing.

Techniques & Tools:

1. Fault insertion – Coding tools
2. String Test – GUI and Server test tools
3. Error handling – Error handling Tools
4. Statement coverage – Static and Dynamic Analyzers
5. Decision coverage - Static and Dynamic Analyzers, Coverage analysis Tools
6. Condition coverage - Static and Dynamic Analyzers, Coverage analysis tools
7. Path coverage - Static and Dynamic Analyzers, Coverage analysis tools
8. Data flow coverage – Data modeling tools, Flow diagram editors
9. Memory leak – Memory usage tools
10. Cyclomatic complexity – Cyclomatic complexity Analyzers